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Legacies and health risks of heavy metals, polybrominated diphenyl ethers, and polychlorinated dibenzo-dioxins/furans at e-waste recycling sites in South China

Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2023, Volume 17, Issue 7, doi: 10.1007/s11783-023-1679-z

Abstract:

● Heavy metals and organic toxins may persist in legacy sites for a long time.

Keywords： E-waste     Human health risk     Organ risk     Heavy metal toxicity     PBDE     PCDD/F    

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Distribution of PCDD/Fs in a food waste anaerobic digestion process with biogas utilization

Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2023, Volume 17, Issue 11, doi: 10.1007/s11783-023-1736-7

Abstract:

● The PCDD/F distribution patterns of the FW-AD process were investigated

Keywords： Biological treatment     MSW classification     Mass balance     Solid digestate    

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PCDD/Fs emission, risk characterization, and reduction in China’s secondary copper production industry

Haiqian LI, Yonglong LU, Li LI

Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2013, Volume 7, Issue 4,   Pages 589-597 doi: 10.1007/s11783-013-0495-2

Abstract: Secondary copper production is one of the key polychlorinated dibenzo- -dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDDIn 2004, when the Stockholm Convention entered into force in China, PCDD/Fs emissions from secondaryIn this paper, PCDD/Fs emission dynamics from secondary copper industry were discussed and cumulativeFrom 2004 to 2009, industrial policies played an indirect role in PCDD/Fs reduction, but its effectsFrom 2009 to 2015, the PCDD/Fs emission dynamics in the secondary copper industry were presented through

Keywords： polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs)     secondary copper production    

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Detailed analysis of PCBs and PCDD/Fs impurities in a dielectric oil sample (ASKAREL Nr 1740) from an

Jun HUANG, Yamei HUI, Toru MATSUMURA, Gang YU, Shubo DENG, Makoto YAMAUCHI, Changmin WU, Norimasa YAMAZAKI

Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2014, Volume 8, Issue 2,   Pages 195-204 doi: 10.1007/s11783-013-0527-y

Abstract: Homolog and congener profiles of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polychlorinated dibenzo- - dioxins (PCDDs) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) in commercial PCBs formulations are useful information for the source appointment of PCBs contamination as well as the risk assessment caused by potential exposure. Dielectric oil (ASKAREL Nr 1740) in an imported transformer found in China was sampled and analyzed by isotope dilution technology using high resolution gas chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (HRGC/HRMS). The detailed homolog and congener profiles of PCBs obtained were compared with those of known Aroclor formulations. High similarity in the homolog profile between the oil sample and Aroclor 1260 was found, with the hexachlorinated and heptachlorinated biphenyls accounting for more than 80.2% of the total PCBs concentration. Severn indicator PCBs contribute about 30%, while 12 PCB congeners (i.e., #153, #143, #168, #180, #149, #165, #138, #170, #190, #187, #174, #181) account for more than 50% of the total PCB concentrations. Total concentration of PCDDs, PCDFs and dioxin-like PCBs (DL-PCBs) was found to be 740 ng TEQ/g, of which 620 ng TEQ/g came from DL-PCBs. The contribution of PCDDs to the total TEQ was neglectable. The concentration of PCDFs homologs follows the order of OCDF>HxCDFs>HpCDFs>PeCDFs>TeCDFs, which is in consistence with the previous study on Aroclor 1260. Three DL-PCBs congeners (i.e., #118, #156, #157) accounted for 77% of the total concentration of DL-PCBs, also they contribute 72% in the TEQ caused by DL-PCBs.

Keywords： profiles of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs)     polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs)     polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs)     Askarel transformer     insulating fluid    

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study on low temperature thermal treatment of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD

YAN Jianhua, CHEN Tong, LU Shengyong, LI Xiaodong, GU Yueling, CEN Kefa

Frontiers in Energy 2007, Volume 1, Issue 3,   Pages 280-284 doi: 10.1007/s11708-007-0039-1

Abstract: The effects of temperature and time on polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs)The PCDD/Fs in the gas phase and solid phase were detected by high-resolution gas chromatography coupledThere were high levels of OCDD in the gas phase in several experimental conditions although the PCDD/The optimum condition for PCDD/Fs decomposition in fly ash was a heating time of 60 min at 400 vH under

Keywords： congener     polychlorinated     temperature     chromatography     high-resolution    

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Pressure drop analysis on the positive half-cell of a cerium redox flow battery using computational fluid dynamics: Mathematical and modelling aspects of porous media

Fernando F. Rivera, Berenice Miranda-Alcántara, Germán Orozco, Carlos Ponce de León, Luis F. Arenas

Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2021, Volume 15, Issue 2,   Pages 399-409 doi: 10.1007/s11705-020-1934-9

Abstract: Description of electrolyte fluid dynamics in the electrode compartments by mathematical models can be a powerful tool in the development of redox flow batteries (RFBs) and other electrochemical reactors. In order to determine their predictive capability, turbulent Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) and free flow plus porous media (Brinkman) models were applied to compute local fluid velocities taking place in a rectangular channel electrochemical flow cell used as the positive half-cell of a cerium-based RFB for laboratory studies. Two different platinized titanium electrodes were considered, a plate plus a turbulence promoter and an expanded metal mesh. Calculated pressure drop was validated against experimental data obtained with typical cerium electrolytes. It was found that the pressure drop values were better described by the RANS approach, whereas the validity of Brinkman equations was strongly dependent on porosity and permeability values of the porous media.

Keywords： CFD simulation     porous media     porous electrode     pressure drop     redox flow battery    

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Development of soft kernel durum wheat

Craig F. MORRIS

Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2019, Volume 6, Issue 3,   Pages 273-278 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2019259

Abstract:

Kernel texture (grain hardness) is a fundamental and determining factor related to wheat ( spp.) milling, baking and flour utilization. There are three kernel texture classes in wheat: soft and hard hexaploid ( ), and very hard durum ( subsp. ). The genetic basis for these three classes lies with the Puroindoline genes. Phenotypically, the easiest means of quantifying kernel texture is with the Single Kernel Characterization System (SKCS), although other means are valid and can provide fundamental material properties. Typical SKCS values for soft wheat would be around 25 and for durum wheat≥80. Soft kernel durum wheat was created via homeologous recombination using the mutation, which facilitated the transfer of ca. 28 Mbp of 5DS that replaced ca. 21 Mbp of 5BS. The 5DS translocation contained a complete and intact locus and both puroindoline genes. Expression of the puroindoline genes in durum grain resulted in kernel texture and flour milling characteristics nearly identical to that of soft wheat, with high yields of break and straight-grade flours, which had small particle size and low starch damage. Dough water absorption was markedly reduced compared to durum flour and semolina. Dough was essentially unchanged and reflected the inherent gluten properties of the durum background. Pasta quality was essentially equal-to-or-better than pasta made from semolina. Agronomically, soft durum germplasm showed good potential with moderate grain yield and resistance to a number of fungal pathogens and insects. Future breeding efforts will no doubt further improve the quality and competitiveness of soft durum cultivars.

Keywords： soft durum wheat     grain hardness     puroindolines     milling     baking     pasta     noodles    

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Biocompatibility Pathways in Tissue-Engineering Templates Perspective

David F. Williams

Engineering 2018, Volume 4, Issue 2,   Pages 286-290 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2018.03.007

Abstract:

Tissue engineering, which involves the creation of new tissue by the deliberate and controlled stimulation of selected target cells through a systematic combination of molecular and mechanical signals, usually involves the assistance of biomaterials-based structures to deliver these signals and to give shape to the resulting tissue mass. The specifications for these structures, which used to be described as scaffolds but are now more correctly termed templates, have rarely been defined, mainly because this is difficult to do. Primarily, however, these specifications must relate to the need to develop the right microenvironment for the cells to create new tissue and to the need for the interactions between the cells and the template material to be consistent with the demands of the new viable tissues. These features are encompassed by the phenomena that are collectively called biocompatibility. However, the theories and putative mechanisms of conventional biocompatibility (mostly conceived through experiences with implantable medical devices) are inadequate to describe phenomena in tissue-engineering processes. The present author has recently redefined biocompatibility in terms of specific materials- and biology-based pathways; this opinion paper places tissue-engineering biocompatibility mechanisms in the context of these pathways.

Keywords： Biomaterials     Scaffolds     Mechanotransduction     Inflammation     Topography    

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Resistance of large deformation of the Wushaoling Tunnel F7 soft fault

ZHAO Xufeng, CHEN Haiming, WANG Chunmiao

Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2007, Volume 1, Issue 1,   Pages 123-127 doi: 10.1007/s11709-007-0013-3

Abstract: In this article, the mechanical characteristics of the squeeze of the F7 fault of the Wushaoling Tunnel

Keywords： F7     deformation     appropriate     construction     mechanical    

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Special issue on future network: software-defined networking Editorial

Tao HUANG,F. Richard YU,Yun-jie LIU

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2016, Volume 17, Issue 7,   Pages 603-605 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.SDN2016

Abstract: 无

Keywords： 无    

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Nanocrystal technology for drug formulation and delivery

Tzu-Lan CHANG, Honglei ZHAN, Danni LIANG, Jun F. LIANG

Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2015, Volume 9, Issue 1,   Pages 1-14 doi: 10.1007/s11705-015-1509-3

Abstract: With the development of modern technology like high throughput screening, combinatorial chemistry and computer aid drug design, the drug discovery process has been dramatically accelerated. However, new drug candidates often exhibit poor aqueous or even organic medium solubility. Additionally, many of them may have low dissolution velocity and low oral bioavailability. Nanocrystal formulation sheds new light on advanced drug development. Due to small (nano- or micro- meters) sizes, the increased surface-volume ratio leads to dramatically enhanced drug dissolution velocity and saturation solubility. The simplicity in preparation and the potential for various administration routes allow drug nanocrystals to be a novel drug delivery system for specific diseases (i.e. cancer). In addition to the comprehensive review of different technologies and methods in drug nanocrystal preparation, suspension, and stabilization, we will also compare nano- and micro-sized drug crystals in pharmaceutical applications and discuss current nanocrystal drugs on the market and their limitations.

Keywords： drug nanocrystal     nanotechnology     formulation     bioavailability     stabilizers     drug delivery    

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Decomposing drivers of transportation energy consumption and carbon dioxide emissions for the Philippines: the case of developing countries

Neil Stephen LOPEZ, Anthony S.F. CHIU, Jose Bienvenido Manuel BIONA

Frontiers in Energy 2018, Volume 12, Issue 3,   Pages 389-399 doi: 10.1007/s11708-018-0578-7

Abstract:

Global CO2 emissions increased by 57.9% from 1990 to 2014, of which 21% is known to be from the transportation sector. In line with policy development, driving forces to energy consumption and emissions may be determined using decomposition analysis techniques. However, the detail of information required to perform such studies for the transportation sector in developing countries can be challenging. An attempt was made in this study to formulate a decomposition analysis framework considering data availability and limitation in developing countries. Furthermore, a suggestion of adjusting transport activity data using average oil price was proposed. An illustrative case study in the Philippines revealed that the most significant driver was transport activity, followed by energy intensity, and then population growth, which was both similar and contrary to all previous studies performed in developed and rapidly urbanizing countries, which pointed out to transport activity as the primary contributing force. For the Philippines, transport activity was an inhibiting force, whereas energy intensity was the primary contributing factor. The difference could be explained by the differences in mode shares and quality of life between countries. Looking at private vehicle ownership data, it is observed that growth rates are higher in the rural, than in the urban centers. Deriving from the findings, developing a comprehensive public transport plan is recommend for future growth areas, expansion and modernization of public transport services in the city, and strategic deployment of transport policies.

Keywords： transportation     LMDI     decomposition     developing country     emissions    

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Comments on the special issue on Agri-product Quality and Safety

Charles F. SHOEMAKER

Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2018, Volume 5, Issue 3,   Pages 294-294 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2018237

Abstract:

Keywords： valign=     top     class=     J_zhaiyao    

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Observation of a higher JAK2 V617F homozygous mutated clone in polycythemia vera compared to essential

LIU Hongxing, TONG Chunrong, CAI Peng, GU Jiangying, LIN Yuehui, TENG Wen, WANG He, ZHANG Ying, ZHU Ping

Frontiers of Medicine 2008, Volume 2, Issue 3,   Pages 309-313 doi: 10.1007/s11684-008-0059-1

Abstract: real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RQ-PCR) assays were developed and performed for JAK2V617FThe results showed that in some samples, the JAK2V617F burden was as low as nearly 1%, and thus moreJAK2V617F-positive samples were detected by RQ-PCR than by SB-ASA assay due to the former higher detectresult shows that the pathogenesis of PV and ET may be related to the mutation allele burden of JAK2V617F.

Keywords： specific amplification     essential thrombocythemia     Single-tube bi-directional     JAK2V617F-positive     JAK2V617F    

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Atmospheric heterogeneous reaction of chlorobenzene on mineral -FeO particulates: a chamber experiment study

Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2023, Volume 17, Issue 11, doi: 10.1007/s11783-023-1734-9

Abstract:

● Photochemical conversion of chlorobenzene (CB) on α-Fe2O3 was evaluated.

Keywords： Photochemical conversion     Chlorobenzene     α-Fe2O3     PCDD/Fs     Mineral particulate    

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Title Author Date Type Operation

Legacies and health risks of heavy metals, polybrominated diphenyl ethers, and polychlorinated dibenzo-dioxins/furans at e-waste recycling sites in South China

Journal Article

Distribution of PCDD/Fs in a food waste anaerobic digestion process with biogas utilization

Journal Article

PCDD/Fs emission, risk characterization, and reduction in China’s secondary copper production industry

Haiqian LI, Yonglong LU, Li LI

Journal Article

Detailed analysis of PCBs and PCDD/Fs impurities in a dielectric oil sample (ASKAREL Nr 1740) from an

Jun HUANG, Yamei HUI, Toru MATSUMURA, Gang YU, Shubo DENG, Makoto YAMAUCHI, Changmin WU, Norimasa YAMAZAKI

Journal Article

study on low temperature thermal treatment of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD

YAN Jianhua, CHEN Tong, LU Shengyong, LI Xiaodong, GU Yueling, CEN Kefa

Journal Article

Pressure drop analysis on the positive half-cell of a cerium redox flow battery using computational fluid dynamics: Mathematical and modelling aspects of porous media

Fernando F. Rivera, Berenice Miranda-Alcántara, Germán Orozco, Carlos Ponce de León, Luis F. Arenas

Journal Article

Development of soft kernel durum wheat

Craig F. MORRIS

Journal Article

Biocompatibility Pathways in Tissue-Engineering Templates

David F. Williams

Journal Article

Resistance of large deformation of the Wushaoling Tunnel F7 soft fault

ZHAO Xufeng, CHEN Haiming, WANG Chunmiao

Journal Article

Special issue on future network: software-defined networking

Tao HUANG,F. Richard YU,Yun-jie LIU

Journal Article

Nanocrystal technology for drug formulation and delivery

Tzu-Lan CHANG, Honglei ZHAN, Danni LIANG, Jun F. LIANG

Journal Article

Decomposing drivers of transportation energy consumption and carbon dioxide emissions for the Philippines: the case of developing countries

Neil Stephen LOPEZ, Anthony S.F. CHIU, Jose Bienvenido Manuel BIONA

Journal Article

Comments on the special issue on Agri-product Quality and Safety

Charles F. SHOEMAKER

Journal Article

Observation of a higher JAK2 V617F homozygous mutated clone in polycythemia vera compared to essential

LIU Hongxing, TONG Chunrong, CAI Peng, GU Jiangying, LIN Yuehui, TENG Wen, WANG He, ZHANG Ying, ZHU Ping

Journal Article

Atmospheric heterogeneous reaction of chlorobenzene on mineral -FeO particulates: a chamber experiment study

Journal Article